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Objective. To evaluate some parameters of the psychosomatic state, cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A), and free radical status (levels of nitrates and nitrites, antioxidant plasma activity) in convalescent patients after severe COVID-19. Patients and methods. We examined 64 patients who had severe COVID-19 and underwent either a 30-35-day course of inpatient rehabilitation after their discharge from a hospital for infectious diseases or a 60-65-day course of outpatient rehabilitation at the Ambulatory Center of Nalchik, Clinical Hospital No 1. Results. We surveyed patients after severe COVID-19 and found that they required a long rehabilitation. Many of them reported asthenic syndrome, psycho-emotional disorders, and other complaints upon discharge from the hospital. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines remained high in patients after severe COVID-19 even 30-35 days following their discharge (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, nitrites, and nitrates remained elevated on days 60-65 following discharge (p < 0.05), despite comprehensive therapy in a rehabilitation department. Plasma antioxidant activity was reduced, whereas IL-17A level normalized by this time. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that currently used rehabilitation measures for COVID-19 are insufficient. Adequate rehabilitation of convalescent COVID-19 patients requires proper monitoring of their immune system condition, as well as new effective methods for immune correction and restoration of their psychoemotional status after the acute phase of the disease.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Coronavirus disease is a serious viral infection that is characterized by severe inflammation and lymphopenia. The virus attacks many organs causing acute respiratory distress and malfunctioning of the organs leading to death. Through strengthening of the innate immune system, a balanced diet plays a critical role in defense against bacterial and viral diseases. A healthy diet before, during and after an infection can lessen the severity of the symptoms and speed up the recovery of damaged cells. Due to the Mediterranean diet's high concentration of bioactive polyphenols, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombic properties, numerous studies have suggested that it is a preventative dietary strategy against many diseases including coronavirus disease. Nutrition and herbal plants play a key role to enhance the immunity of people to protect and fight against coronavirus. Diet rich in antioxidants and phytochemicals represents perfect barrier to the virus through elevation of the innate immunity of the body. In addition, gut microbiota including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were found to enhance immunity to reduce the symptoms of the disease during infection. Protein-rich foods and honey bee products reported significant role during and post-coronavirus infection. This review presents updated information from original pre-clinical and clinical researches, and review articles as well to expose the nutritive strategies including breastfeeding benefits to infants pre-infection, during, and post-infection with coronavirus.Copyright © 2023, Scientific Foundation SPIROSKI. All rights reserved.
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Tea is one of the most popular and oldest beverages available in many varieties and the use of different flavoring ingredients is becoming more common. The present study aimed to examine tea consumption behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzed the bioactive compounds of tea flavoring ingredients. At first, a cross-sectional study was carried out with 140 randomly selected participants to determine tea consumption patterns and data was collected through face-to-face interviews. Then 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, the Folin-Ciocalteu technique, and the quercetin method were used to assess antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of tea flavoring ingredients. The study found that 57.86% of the participants increased their tea consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 22.80% increased their tea consumption by at least one more cup per day. It was also found that ginger was the most popular (29.5%) among fifteen tea flavoring agents. By analyzing tea flavoring ingredients, the maximum antioxidant activity found in cinnamon was 87%, and lemon leaves had the lowest, which was 60%. On a dry weight basis, the TPC of the tea flavoring components ranged from 36.52 mg GAE/g for cloves to 9.62 mg GAE/g for ginger. The maximum TFC was also found in clove with 13.68 mg QE/g, and moringa was the second highest with 12.26 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity of flavoring compounds has a significant correlation (p<0.05) with TPC and TFC. Overall, tea consumption behavior with tea flavoring ingredients increased during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Tea with flavoring ingredients may be one of the best dietary sources of antioxidants, TPC, and TFC which are important for strengthening the immune system and controlling different physiological and metabolic disorders. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Enviro Research Publishers.
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Since COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increasing of people adopting a healthy lifestyle through health supplement and functional foods. This study aimed to develop turmeric milk which has high antioxidant activity that can be accepted by the community. The difference in the concentration of turmeric powder added (0.9%, 1.9%, and 2.8%) was carried out to determine the antioxidant activity by DPPH method and the curcumin level by HPLC method. Hedonic tests were used to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder into consumer acceptance. Results showed that the addition of turmeric is lowering the hedonic value. Turmeric milk with 2.8% turmeric powder had the highest levels of curcumin (53.95 mg/260 mL) and antioxidant activity (90.51%) but had the lowest acceptance rate (4.02) while turmeric milk with 0.9% of turmeric powder) had the lowest levels of curcumin (25.28 mg/260 mL) and antioxidant activity (81.76%) but had the highest acceptance rate (4.97). Turmeric milk with 1.9% was the most favourable due to overall value in the hedonic test is 4.58 and antioxidant activity of 86.61%.
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Objective. To evaluate some parameters of the psychosomatic state, cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A), and free radical status (levels of nitrates and nitrites, antioxidant plasma activity) in convalescent patients after severe COVID-19. Patients and methods. We examined 64 patients who had severe COVID-19 and underwent either a 30-35-day course of inpatient rehabilitation after their discharge from a hospital for infectious diseases or a 60-65-day course of outpatient rehabilitation at the Ambulatory Center of Nalchik, Clinical Hospital No 1. Results. We surveyed patients after severe COVID-19 and found that they required a long rehabilitation. Many of them reported asthenic syndrome, psycho-emotional disorders, and other complaints upon discharge from the hospital. Serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines remained high in patients after severe COVID-19 even 30-35 days following their discharge (p < 0.05). Serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, nitrites, and nitrates remained elevated on days 60-65 following discharge (p < 0.05), despite comprehensive therapy in a rehabilitation department. Plasma antioxidant activity was reduced, whereas IL-17A level normalized by this time. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that currently used rehabilitation measures for COVID-19 are insufficient. Adequate rehabilitation of convalescent COVID-19 patients requires proper monitoring of their immune system condition, as well as new effective methods for immune correction and restoration of their psychoemotional status after the acute phase of the disease.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Silymarin, is a phytoactive constituent isolated from the fruits and seeds of Silybum maria-num L Gaetn.), also called milk thistle belonging to the family of Asteracease. The phytoactive has been used to treat several physiological disorders. The objective of this manuscript was to review the therapeutic prospective of silymarin due to its ability to treat several physiological disorders. The da-tabases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title. The discussion is focused on the immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silymarin in various metabolic and dermatological disorders. In addition, the review discusses the different therapeutic potentials of silymarin such as the management of the liver disorder, skin carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenera-tive disorders, and several dermatological disorders such as melasma, anti-aging, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Silymarin is safe even with a dose higher than the therapeutic dose. Si-lymarin had good potential for the safe and effective treatment of numerous metabolic and dermatological disorders. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Herbal plant extracts or purified phytocomponents have been extensively used to treat several diseases since ancient times. The Indian Ayurvedic system and Chinese traditional medicines have documented the medicinal properties of important herbs. In Ayurveda, the polyherbal formulation is known to exhibit better therapeutic efficacy compared to a single herb. This review focuses on six key ayurvedic herbal plants namely, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Glycyrrhiza glabra/Licorice, Zingiber officinale, Emblica officinalis and Ocimum sanctum. These plants possess specific phytocomponents that aid them in fighting infections and keeping body healthy and stress-free. Plants were selected due to their reported antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects in several diseases and effectiveness in controlling viral pathogenesis. An ad-vanced literature search was carried out using Pubmed and google scholar. Result(s): These medicinal plants are known to exhibit several protective features against various diseases or infections. Here we have particularly emphasized on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties which are common in these six plants. Recent literature analysis has revealed Ashwagandha to be protective for Covid-19 too. The formulation from such herbs can exhibit synergism and hence better effectiveness against infection and related dis-eases. The importance of these medicinal herbs becomes highly prominent as it maintains the har-monious balance by way of boosting the immunity in a human body. Further, greater mechanistic analyses are required to prove their efficacy in fighting infectious diseases like Covid-19. It opens the arena for in-depth research of identifying and isolating the active components from these herbs and evaluating their potency to inhibit viral infections as polyherbal formulations.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Garlic (Allium sativum) has been known for its potent medicinal activities and its interesting culinary role since ancient times. With over 200 phytochemicals and flavoring compounds elucidated and many others yet to, garlic promises to improve human health and vitality. Just like other phytochemical classes, essential oils for garlic have been reported to show interesting medical activities delving across diverse antimicrobial, cardio-protective, anti-cancer, anti-Alzheimer, anti-diabetic, and immunomodulatory activities. Garlic essential oils contain mainly volatile and non-volatile allyl-sulphur-based compounds, which are a product of the stream decomposition of Allicin (a major component of garlic extract). Although a lot of work has been done on Allicin, there is little substantive work on the bio-availability and toxicities of its essential oil. This study, however, reviewed the methods that in recent times have been used to extract essential oils from garlic, recent studies on composition and therapeutic activities of Garlic essential oils, and a predictive overview of their bioavailability and toxicity. Finally, recommendations for future studies and other interesting prospects of garlic were also highlighted.Copyright © 2022
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In this study, we have synthesized a new molecule labeled HBPA. Its molecular structure was determined by spectroscopic methods such as: FT-IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 31P); our compound is subjected to two antioxidant activities assays: DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); in the results, HBPA was expanded remarkable inhibition when compared especially to standard BHT with values of 14.936±0.808 and 7.1486±0.0645 µg/ml, respectively; in addition to the scavenging test of superoxide anion integrated in electrochemical process, it elucidated a strongly stable interaction towards the radical by evaluating the thermodynamic descriptors (Gibbs free energy ΔG° and the binding constant Kb). Besides, the electrochemical behavior of HBPA was distinguished by an irreversible system and for the electrochemical regime adopted at the surface of the electrode; a diffusion governed by a slow charge transfer was deduced. The molecular docking of HBPA was conducted beside Chloroquine and the obtained results were indicated a significant binding with active sites of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro).
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Ginger rhizome, a common spice that has been traditionally used in various health aspects. The rhizome contains volatile oil and nonvolatile oil compounds, including oleoresin. Chemical constituents of ginger are numerous and vary depending on the geographic origin, harvest process, and storage conditions. [6]-Gingerol, a major bioactive constituent of ginger, has been reported to possess anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiemetic effects. Therefore, it is a valuable food molecule with benefits for human health. This review summarized current findings on [6]-gingerol with regards to its beneficial effects on human health, encompassing the biological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity assessment. In addition, relevant evidence in support of the application of [6]-gingerol towards the promotion health and vitality, as well as methods for extraction, identification and quantitative determination of [6]-gingerol are also provided.Copyright © 2022 The Author(s)
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Background: SARS-CoV-2 has led to a sharp increase in the number of hospitalizations and deaths from pneumonia and multiorgan disease worldwide;therefore, SARS-CoV-2 has become a global health problem. Supportive therapies remain the mainstay treatments against COVID-19, such as oxygen inhalation, antiviral drugs, and antibiotics. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown clinically to relieve the symptoms of COVID-19 infection, and TCMs can affect the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Jing Si Herbal Drink (JSHD), an eight herb formula jointly developed by Tzu Chi University and Tzu Chi Hospital, has shown potential as an adjuvant treatment for COVID-19 infection. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) of JSHD as an adjuvant treatment in patients with COVID-19 infection is underway Objectives: This article aims to explore the efficacy of the herbs in JSHD against COVID-19 infection from a mechanistic standpoint and provide a reference for the rational utilization of JSHD in the treatment of COVID-19. Method(s): We compiled evidence of the herbs in JSHD to treat COVID-19 in vivo and in vitro. Result(s): We described the efficacy and mechanism of action of the active ingredients in JSHD to treat COVID-19 based on experimental evidence. JSHD includes 5 antiviral herbs, 7 antioxidant herbs, and 7 anti-inflammatory herbs. In addition, 2 herbs inhibit the overactive immune system, 1 herb reduces cell apoptosis, and 1 herb possesses antithrombotic ability. Conclusion(s): Although experimental data have confirmed that the ingredients in JSHD are effective against COVID-19, more rigorously designed studies are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of JSHD as a COVID-19 treatment.Copyright © 2021
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Background: Honey has been used medicinally in folk medicine since the dawn of civili-zation. It is a necessary component of medicine and food in a wide variety of cultures. It has been used in Unani Medicine for centuries to treat a variety of ailments. Objective(s): This review article aims to explore the medicinal characteristics of honey in view of Unani and modern concepts, highlight its potential in the treatment of the ailments stated in Unani medical literature, and also explore the relevant evidence-based phytochemistry, pharmacological, and clinical data. Method(s): The authors searched classical texts exhaustively for information on the temperament (Mizaj), pharmacological activities, mechanism of action, and therapeutic benefits of honey. Addition-ally, a comprehensive search of internet databases was conducted to compile all available information on the physicochemical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of this compound. Result(s): Evidence suggests that honey contains about 180 different types of various compounds, including carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, flavonoids, and other chemical substances. In Unani classical literature, it exerts important pharmacological actions besides its immense nutritional signifi-cance. Unani physicians advocated many tested/experimented prescriptions and formulations, which still have their relevance in the amelioration of various diseases. Conclusion(s): This analysis concludes that honey has been successfully utilized in Unani medicine for centuries to treat a variety of maladies and is a potential natural source of remedy for a variety of medical disorders. Future research on honey should include a combination of Unani and modern principles.Copyright © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Waste accumulation is a grave concern and becoming a transboundary challenge for environment. During Covid-19 pandemic, diverse type of waste were collected due to different practices employed in order to fight back the transmission rate of the virus. Covid-19 was proved to be capricious catastrophe of this 20th century and even not completely eradicated from the world. The havoc created by this imperceptible quick witted, pleomorphic deadly virus can't be ignored. Though a number of vaccines have been developed by the scientists but there is a fear of getting this virus again in our life. Medical studies prove that immunity drinks will help to reduce its reoccurrences. Coconut water is widely used among all drinks available globally. Its massive consumption created an incalculable pile of green coconut shells around the different corners of the world. This practice generating enormous problem of space acquisition for the environment. Both the environment and public health will benefit from an evaluation of quantity of coconut waste that is being thrown and its potential to generate value added products. With this context, present article has been planned to study different aspects like, coconut waste generation, its biological properties and environmental hazards associated with its accumulation. Additionally, this review illustrates, green technologies for production of different value added products from coconut waste. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Fruit, vegetables, and green tea contain quercetin (a flavonoid). Some of the diet's most signifi-cant sources of quercetin are apples, onions, tomatoes, broccoli, and green tea. Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-viral effects have been studied of quercetin. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymer-ase, and other essential viral life-cycle enzymes are all prevented from entering the body by quercetin. Despite extensive in vitro and in vivo investigations on the immune-modulating effects of quercetin and vitamin C treatment. 3-methyl-quercetin has been shown to bind to essential proteins necessary to convert minus-strand RNA into positive-strand RNAs, preventing the replication of viral RNA in the cytoplasm. Quercetin has been identified as a potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) suppressor in recent molecular docking studies and in silico assessment of herbal medicines. It has been demonstrated that quercetin increases the expression of heme oxygenase-1 through the nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signal network. Inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 may increase bilirubin synthesis, an endoge-nous antioxidant that defends cells. When human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were exposed to lipo-polysaccharide (LPS), inflammatory cytokine production was inhibited. The magnesium (Mg+2) cation complexation improves quercetin free radical scavenging capacity, preventing oxidant loss and cell death. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the pharmacological effects of quercetin, its protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection, and any potential molecular processes.Copyright © 2022 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Plants are valuable sources of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical properties, but only a small proportion of plant life has been actively exploited for medicinal purposes to date. Underexplored plant species are therefore likely to contain novel bioactive compounds. In this study, we investigated the content of secondary metabolites in the flowers, leaves and pseudobulbs of the orchid Oncidium sotoanum using an untargeted metabolomics approach. We observed the strong accumulation of C-diglycosylated chrysin derivatives, which are rarely found in nature. Further characterization revealed evidence of antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assays) and potential activity against neurodegenerative disorders (MAO-B inhibition assay) depending on the specific molecular structure of the metabolites. Natural product bioprospecting in underexplored plant species based on untargeted metabolomics can therefore help to identify novel chemical structures with diverse pharmaceutical properties.
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Green nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field linked to using the principles of green chemistry to design novel nanomaterials with great potential in environmental and health protection. In this work, metal and semiconducting particles (AuNPs, AgClNPs, ZnO, AuZnO, AgClZnO, and AuAgClZnO) were phytosynthesized through a "green" bottom-up approach, using burdock (Arctium lappa L.) aqueous extract. The morphological (SEM/TEM), structural (XRD, SAED), compositional (EDS), optical (UV-Vis absorption and FTIR spectroscopy), photocatalytic, and bio-properties of the prepared composites were analyzed. The particle size was determined by SEM/TEM and by DLS measurements. The phytoparticles presented high and moderate physical stability, evaluated by zeta potential measurements. The investigation of photocatalytic activity of these composites, using Rhodamine B solutions' degradation under solar light irradiation in the presence of prepared powders, showed different degradation efficiencies. Bioevaluation of the obtained composites revealed the antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The tricomponent system AuAgClZnO showed the best antioxidant activity for capturing ROS and ABTSâ¢+ radicals, and the best biocidal action against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The "green" developed composites can be considered potential adjuvants in biomedical (antioxidant or biocidal agents) or environmental (as antimicrobial agents and catalysts for degradation of water pollutants) applications.
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Chemiluminescence was used to test the susceptibility of the SARS-CoV-2 N and S proteins to oxidation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) at pH 7.4 and pH 8.5. The Fenton's system generates various ROS (H2O2, OH, -OH, OOH). All proteins were found to significantly suppress oxidation (the viral proteins exhibited 25-60% effect compared to albumin). In the second system, H2O2 was used both as a strong oxidant and as a ROS. A similar effect was observed (30-70%); N protein approached the effect of albumin at physiological pH (â¼45%). In the O2.--generation system, albumin was most effective in the suppression of generated radicals (75%, pH 7.4). The viral proteins were more susceptible to oxidation (inhibition effect no more than 20%, compared to albumin). The standard antioxidant assay confirmed the strong antioxidant capacity of both viral proteins (1.5-1.7 fold higher than albumin). These results demonstrate the effective and significant inhibition of ROS-induced oxidation by the proteins. Obviously, the viral proteins could not be involved in the oxidative stress reactions during the course of the infection. They even suppress the metabolites involved in its progression. These results can be explained by their structure. Probably, an evolutionary self-defense mechanism of the virus has been developed.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Antioxidants , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus , Nucleocapsid/metabolism , Inflammation , Albumins , Antibodies, ViralABSTRACT
Elderflower extracts are known to be a source of valuable substances that show a wide spectrum of biological activity, including antibacterial and antiviral properties, which demonstrate a degree of effectiveness against SARS CoV-2. In this work, the influence of fresh inflorescence stabilisation methods (freezing, air drying, and lyophilisation) and extraction parameters on the composition and antioxidant properties of the extracts were studied. Wild elderflower plants growing in the Malopolska Region of Poland were studied. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical-scavenging ability and ferric-reducing antioxidant power assays. The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the phytochemical profile of the extracts was analysed using HPLC. The obtained results showed that the best method for the stabilisation of elderflower was lyophilisation, and the determined optimal maceration parameters were 60% methanol as a solvent and a process time of 1-2 days.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Sambucus nigra , Antioxidants/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Phenols/chemistry , PlantsABSTRACT
Significant progress in understanding cancer pathogenesis, it remains one of the leading causes of death after cardiovascular diseases. Similarly viral infections have emerged from wildlife or re-emerged, generating serious threats to the global health. As a result, there is an urgent need for the development of novel, more effective anticancer and antiviral therapeutics. Scientists, medicinal chemists and researchers are continuously finding novel targets, mechanisms and molecules against theses severe and dangerous infections. Therefore, ongoing extensively study and research emphasizes 1,3,4 thiadiazole pharmacophore have versatile pharmacological actions. Due to mesoionic behaviour of 1,3,4 thiadiazole pharmacophore allows to enter and easily cross biological membrane which allow to interact various biological proteins. In this review study an attempt has been made of various mechanisms involved in cancer and viral prevalence with updated studies done so far. This review study also findings the role of 1,3,4 thiadiazole motif in the management of various cancers and viral infection. This study also highlighting research statics on clinical trials and various patents containing 1,3,4 thiadiazole derivatives. © 2022 The Author(s)
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Incidences and mortality from cardiovascular illnesses have grown during the last few decades. In patients with pre-existing cardiac disease, the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated cardiovascular problems. Researchers observed that rates of many conditions, comprising coronary heart failure and stroke, had been drastically higher in those who had recovered from COVID-19 as compared to those who did not have the disease. Herbal medicine is becoming more and more popular due to its relatively high safety and low toxicity. Shilajit has several beneficial properties because it primarily comprises fulvic acid and more than 84 minerals. It demonstrates antioxidant activity, which is a key factor in cardioprotection. Shilajit is appropriately referred to as "Rasayana/ Rasayanam";it translates as "rejuvenator" in Ayurvedic and Siddha scriptures since it prevents illnesses and improves the quality of life. The current study involved the collection, authentication, purification, and use of several extractive solvents to achieve high yield, then the extract was enriched by using organic solvents. UV-Vis spectroscopy was performed on each of the enriched samples, and the results showed that the enriched samples had increased fulvic acid concentrations. Fulvic acid was used as a standard in thin-layer chromatography. The extract's in-vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH assay, and the results indicated good antioxidant activity. phytosomes were formulated by rapid injection methods for extract and enriched extract, and they were characterized using several spectroscopic techniques. According to the study's findings, combining novel formulation with conventional drug may improve its therapeutic potential and bioavailability.